Skin cancer

Skin cancer is the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of skin cells, usually caused by damage from ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning devices. It is the most common type of cancer.

Types:

1. Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) – Most common, slow-growing, rarely spreads.

2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) – Can spread if untreated.

3. Melanoma – Most dangerous type; develops from pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) and can spread rapidly.

Causes / Risk Factors:

• Excessive UV radiation exposure (sunlight or tanning beds)

• Fair skin, light hair, and light-colored eyes

• Family history of skin cancer

• Weakened immune system

• Exposure to harmful chemicals (e.g., arsenic)

• Repeated sunburns, especially in childhood

Signs and Symptoms:

• A new growth or sore that does not heal

• A change in an existing mole (size, shape, or color)

• Itching, bleeding, or crusting of a skin spot

• Asymmetrical mole, irregular border, uneven color, or large diameter (the “ABCDE” rule for melanoma):

  • A – Asymmetry

  • B – Border irregularity

  • C – Color variation

  • D – Diameter > 6 mm

  • E – Evolving (changes over time)

Diagnosis:

• Physical examination of the skin

• Biopsy of suspicious lesions

• Imaging tests (if spread is suspected)

Treatment:

• Surgical removal of the lesion

• Cryotherapy (freezing abnormal cells)

• Radiation therapy

• Chemotherapy or immunotherapy (for advanced stages)

Prevention:

• Avoid excessive sun exposure, especially midday

• Use sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher)

• Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses

• Avoid tanning beds

• Regularly check skin for new or changing spots